Turkey
Tips by Sam Hayward
For some years
I tried to persuade my family to try something different for Thanksgiving.
Maine abounds in wild and farmed game of all kinds, and October and November
are successive hunting seasons for moose and whitetail deer. Maine has even
become a large producer of farmed venison of very high quality, mostly of
the red deer species. Small farms raise fabulous game birds, including pheasants,
chukkar partridges, squab pigeons, guinea fowl, and even 'wild' turkeys raised
in scrubby pastures under free-range conditions. Could any of these not be
a wonderful alternative to the over-bred factory-farmed turkeys that dominate
our supermarkets, fattened on horrifying diets, and remarkable only for their
pathetically bland taste, their dry, mealy breast meat, and their scrawny
thighs?
At
the end of the day, however, my family, like many others, prefers the typical
Thanksgiving menu. But we are fortunate to live in a state with deep roots
in small-scale and artisan food production, and superior raw materials for
the feast are all around us. We usually prepare our Thanksgiving turkey in
a way that reveals as much of its flavor and complexity as possible, even
to the extent of treating the breast and thigh portions very differently.
1.)
The best turkey will come from a local farm, so get to know your farmer. Turkeys
that have access to the outdoors and get some exercise will probably have
a firmer texture than a bird from a factory farm, but it will likely be happier,
healthier, and will almost certainly have a more interesting flavor. To avoid
the worst aspect of domesticated turkey, namely the mealiness of the breast
meat, I prefer a small bird, usually between twelve and sixteen pounds. Yields
of small birds will be a smaller percentage of the whole than is the case
with larger turkeys, but for me, flavor and texture trump a refrigerator full
of leftovers. If you want turkey sandwiches for days afterwards, roast two
small birds instead of one big one.
2.)
Separate the breast from legs, leaving them on their bones, and prepare them
in ways that are most appropriate for those cuts. I prefer to roast the breast
meat of a small turkey "just through", scrupulously avoiding overcooking.
But the legs I usually cook to a higher internal temperature, until their
juices run clear. At dinnertime, both leg and breast can be sliced and served
together.
3.) Effective brining improves the texture of farmed turkey, especially in
the breast meat. Brining has become a popular method of preparing turkeys,
but many brine recipes are too light to produce the result they promise. After
years of experimentation, my cooks at Fore Street have arrived at an effective
brine that delivers and incredibly juicy bird but doesn't make it overly salty.
To follow our method, combine 12 oz. kosher salt and 27 oz. of granulated
sugar in a clean stockpot or crock. Add enough cold water to make five gallons
of brine, and stir well to dissolve the sugar and salt. (Add any aromatics
you wish, including sliced raw vegetables such as shallots, carrots, and fennel;
or herbs and spices, including fresh frost-hardy herbs such as winter savory,
sage, and thyme; spices such as crushed black pepper, juniper berries, sweet
cicely seeds, and coriander seed.) Remove the giblets from the turkey breast
cavity. Immerse the turkey breast and legs in the brine, weight them with
a ceramic plate to keep them fully submerged, and cure the turkey in a very
cool place or a refrigerator for about eight hours.
4.)
Cook your stuffing separately from the bird. As unromantic as this may sound,
precise roasting of the bird will be easier. And considering the number of
illnesses caused annually by spooning hot stuffing into a cold bird prior
to roasting, cooking a stuffing outside the turkey is probably more healthful
as well.
5.)
Plan your roasting time to allow the turkey a fifteen-minute rest, out of
the oven but in a warm place, before you carve the bird. This will allow the
turkey time to develop and mellow its flavors. It will also relax the meat
and consolidate its fluids, so that its juices won't run out as much while
slicing.